The key to the FA technology is the development of the Dioxide Materials Sustainion® anion membrane and related ionomers, allowing the electrochemical process to operate at high current densities and Faradaic efficiencies as well as producing a high concentration pure formic acid product in the 5 – 25 wt% range. CO2 reduction facilitated by the CO2-EMIM+ complex formation at the Sustainion™ anion and in the GDE cathode